Koboko Municipality is home to over 25,000 migrants and refugees, who make up 25 percent of the overall population. The municipality has experienced rapid population growth over the past decade, in part due to the arrival of refugees from South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). While the city government has welcomed newcomers, resource constraints have made it difficult to meet the needs of its growing population.
Among the main challenges the city government faces are inadequate solid waste management, environmental degradation, and limited employment opportunities for refugees and locals alike. Indeed, 80 percent of Koboko’s migrants and refugees struggle to find income-generating livelihoods, while 99 percent of all residents rely on non-renewable fuels for daily activities, polluting the environment and creating public health hazards.